概述

　　大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang) (steels for largeforging)，是(shi)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)制(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)型鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)金(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)型鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)產和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)一(yi)個 工業(ye)開展水(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)象征之(zhi)一(yi)。因(yin)(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)度(du)很(hen)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)，截面很(hen)厚(hou)，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)合(he)金(jin)規劃和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)出(chu)產技(ji)能(neng)(neng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)都(dou)(dou)有(you)(you)許(xu)多(duo)特(te)色(se)：為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)尺(chi)度(du)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)煉(lian)(lian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)煉(lian)(lian)爐(lu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)特(te)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)錠(ding)(ding)型;為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)錠(ding)(ding)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)溫(wen)度(du)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)、保(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)時(shi)(shi)刻長，晶粒易(yi)粗大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)比小、變形(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)均(jun)勻、易(yi)呈現(xian)混晶等(deng)(deng)(deng)疑問，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)制(zhi)(zhi)作技(ji)能(neng)(neng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)采納(na)(na)相應(ying)(ying)措施;為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)杰(jie)(jie)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歸(gui)納(na)(na)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)，需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)調(diao)質(zhi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li);為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)厚(hou)截面鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淬透性(xing)(xing)(xing)，添(tian)加(jia)(jia)較多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鎳(nie)(nie)、鉻(ge)、鉬等(deng)(deng)(deng)合(he)金(jin)元素。廣義地說(shuo)，具(ju)有(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)述特(te)征的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)作大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)型鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)總(zong)稱大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)。 修(xiu)改本(ben)段分(fen)(fen)類(lei) 大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)按(an)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)樣(yang)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)，首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)要(yao)(yao)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)、冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)輥用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)。 轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang) 轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)汽輪機(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)，是(shi)電(dian)(dian)站設備(bei)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)構(gou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。依(yi)據作業(ye)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)樣(yang)，汽輪機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)、中壓(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)三種;發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)要(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)1500～3000r/mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)速旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)下(xia)作業(ye)，并接(jie)受(shou)(shou)無(wu)窮(qiong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)離心(xin)力(li)(li)(li)、傳遞扭矩(ju)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)彎曲應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)，因(yin)(yin)(yin)而對(dui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)很(hen)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)只(zhi)要(yao)(yao)具(ju)有(you)(you)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)強度(du)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)塑(su)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，并且需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)均(jun)勻性(xing)(xing)(xing)。對(dui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)中壓(ya)(ya)汽輪機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)除(chu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)述需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)外(wai)，還要(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen) (400～565℃)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(90Pa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸汽介(jie)質(zhi)下(xia)長時(shi)(shi)刻作業(ye)。因(yin)(yin)(yin)而轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)除(chu)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)常(chang)溫(wen)力(li)(li)(li)學功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)外(wai)，還需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)有(you)(you)杰(jie)(jie)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)。當前(qian)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)型發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學成(cheng)分(fen)(fen).基本(ben)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)都(dou)(dou)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鎳(nie)(nie)一(yi)鉻(ge)一(yi)鉬一(yi)釩(fan)系列。當鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鎳(nie)(nie)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)3.0%時(shi)(shi)，直(zhi)徑超越1m的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)心(xin)部也(ye)(ye)具(ju)有(you)(you)杰(jie)(jie)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淬透性(xing)(xing)(xing)，并可(ke)取得(de)強耐(nai)(nai)(nai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)匹(pi)配(pei)杰(jie)(jie)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)貝氏體安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)排(pai)。 冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)輥用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang) 冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)輥用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)因(yin)(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)輥是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軋(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)速度(du)、很(hen)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軋(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)力(li)(li)(li)等(deng)(deng)(deng)工況條件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)下(xia)作業(ye)，接(jie)受(shou)(shou)無(wu)窮(qiong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動載荷和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)靜載荷，因(yin)(yin)(yin)而，軋(ya)輥外(wai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)易(yi)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)毛(mao)面和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)磨損等(deng)(deng)(deng)缺點，軋(ya)輥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中間孔和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)外(wai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)易(yi)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)疲憊裂紋，直(zhi)接(jie)影(ying)響軋(ya)輥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)進步(bu)軋(ya)輥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命，需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)輥用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)有(you)(you)必(bi)(bi)(bi)要(yao)(yao)具(ju)有(you)(you)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)強度(du)、滿足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)淬硬(ying)層(ceng)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)磨性(xing)(xing)(xing)、抗外(wai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)脫落性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)沖擊(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。當前(qian)，冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)輥用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)基本(ben)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)都(dou)(dou)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)碳(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鉻(ge)系合(he)金(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)，如(ru)，9Cr、9Cr2、9CrSi、9CrV、9Cr2.0、9Cr2W、等(deng)(deng)(deng)，近幾(ji)年又增加(jia)(jia)了Cr3、Cr5系列，Cr6鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)軋(ya)輥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)制(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)已開端實驗。 壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang) 壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)跟著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)、化(hua)(hua)(hua)工和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)石(shi)油等(deng)(deng)(deng)各類(lei)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)、鍋爐(lu)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)向(xiang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)參數大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)型化(hua)(hua)(hua)方向(xiang)開展，其(qi)(qi)(qi)構(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)也(ye)(ye)逐步(bu)由(you)(you)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)板焊(han)構(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)，向(xiang)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)焊(han)構(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)方向(xiang)開展。壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)進一(yi)步(bu)向(xiang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)純化(hua)(hua)(hua)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)方向(xiang)開展(參見反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)堆(dui)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)壓(ya)(ya)殼體用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang))。 出(chu)產技(ji)能(neng)(neng)首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)要(yao)(yao)包含鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)煉(lian)(lian)、鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)。 修(xiu)改本(ben)段鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)技(ji)能(neng)(neng) 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)煉(lian)(lian)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)制(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)型鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)型鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)錠(ding)(ding)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)錠(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)重(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)30到(dao)幾(ji)百噸(dun)范圍內。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)錠(ding)(ding)越大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)，偏(pian)析(xi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)冶(ye)金(jin)缺點越嚴(yan)(yan)峻。因(yin)(yin)(yin)而，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)煉(lian)(lian)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)十分(fen)(fen)嚴(yan)(yan)格。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)出(chu)特(te)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)錠(ding)(ding)，通常(chang)都(dou)(dou)要(yao)(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)兩臺以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)煉(lian)(lian)爐(lu)聯合(he)配(pei)爐(lu)澆(jiao)(jiao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)，這樣(yang)就不(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)(bi)(bi)增大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)單(dan)爐(lu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，減小因(yin)(yin)(yin)澆(jiao)(jiao)注(zhu)時(shi)(shi)刻長對(dui)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)火資(zi)(zi)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐蝕(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)水(shui)溫(wen)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)降。鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)煉(lian)(lian)時(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)必(bi)(bi)(bi)要(yao)(yao)精選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)質(zhi)料(liao)，嚴(yan)(yan)格控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)煉(lian)(lian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)去除(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)害元素如(ru)硼、銅、錫、銻、砷(shen)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初煉(lian)(lian)可(ke)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)型堿性(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)弧爐(lu)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)型轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)爐(lu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)，初煉(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)水(shui)有(you)(you)必(bi)(bi)(bi)要(yao)(yao)進行爐(lu)外(wai)精煉(lian)(lian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)真空脫氣(qi)， *大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)極(ji)限下(xia)降鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硫、磷(lin)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)氣(qi)體含量(liang)(liang)(liang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)取得(de)硫、磷(lin)均(jun)低(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)0.005%、氫低(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)2%、氧低(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)30%，氮低(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)40%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)純潔鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)削減偏(pian)析(xi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)缺點，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)型鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)錠(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)要(yao)(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)澆(jiao)(jiao)注(zhu)技(ji)能(neng)(neng)，如(ru)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)澆(jiao)(jiao)注(zhu)法(fa)、空心(xin)鑄(zhu)(zhu)錠(ding)(ding)法(fa)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)定向(xiang)凝結鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)法(fa)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。 鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)技(ji)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)圖首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)兩個，一(yi)是(shi)將(jiang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)錠(ding)(ding)經(jing)濟地鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)所需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)狀毛(mao)坯，即成(cheng)型;二(er)是(shi)改進金(jin)屬安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)排(pai)，經(jing)過(guo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)損壞鑄(zhu)(zhu)錠(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)態(tai)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)排(pai)，使(shi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)排(pai)均(jun)勻化(hua)(hua)(hua)，使(shi)晶粒細化(hua)(hua)(hua)，使(shi)氣(qi)孔、疏松、縮孔等(deng)(deng)(deng)缺點焊(han)合(he)。通常(chang)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)型鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)錠(ding)(ding)都(dou)(dou)由(you)(you)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)煉(lian)(lian)車間直(zhi)接(jie)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)送到(dao)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)壓(ya)(ya)車間。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)使(shi)缺點焊(han)合(he)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)通常(chang)都(dou)(dou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)很(hen)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)進行，首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)要(yao)(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自由(you)(you)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)技(ji)能(neng)(neng)。 熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)因(yin)(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尺(chi)度(du)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)有(you)(you)自個的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)色(se)，有(you)(you)必(bi)(bi)(bi)要(yao)(yao)充沛(pei)思考大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冶(ye)金(jin)特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)中發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瞬(shun)時(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)剩余應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)、相變潛熱(re)(re)(re)(re)對(dui)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)冷(leng)(leng)卻進程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響、回火脆性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)排(pai)細化(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)兩種：榜(bang)首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)第(di)(di)二(er)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)。 榜(bang)首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)稱鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)后(hou)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)，首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)要(yao)(yao)意(yi)(yi)圖是(shi)防止發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)白點、進步(bu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)均(jun)勻性(xing)(xing)(xing)、細化(hua)(hua)(hua)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)排(pai)、消(xiao)除(chu)混晶表(biao)(biao)(biao)象等(deng)(deng)(deng)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)超聲(sheng)波探(tan)傷和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)終究功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)明(ming)內部安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)排(pai)條件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)降硬(ying)度(du)消(xiao)除(chu)應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)便于(yu)(yu)粗加(jia)(jia)工發(fa)(fa)明(ming)條件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。若(ruo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)煉(lian)(lian)進程中鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氫含量(liang)(liang)(liang)降至2%以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)時(shi)(shi)，則榜(bang)首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)將(jiang)首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)要(yao)(yao)思考晶粒細化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)消(xiao)除(chu)混晶表(biao)(biao)(biao)象。 第(di)(di)二(er)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)即終究功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)要(yao)(yao)意(yi)(yi)圖是(shi)使(shi)粗加(jia)(jia)工后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)取得(de)所需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) *佳(jia)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)排(pai)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)杰(jie)(jie)出(chu)歸(gui)納(na)(na)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)。第(di)(di)二(er)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)通常(chang)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)能(neng)(neng)首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)調(diao)質(zhi)、正(zheng)火加(jia)(jia)回火、正(zheng)火加(jia)(jia)時(shi)(shi)效(xiao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。對(dui)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)硬(ying)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，如(ru)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)型冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)輥，其(qi)(qi)(qi)終究熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)應(ying)(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)淬火加(jia)(jia)低(di)(di)溫(wen)回火，以(yi)(yi)(yi)滿足運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)。 修(xiu)改本(ben)段大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)事項(xiang) 一(yi)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)時(shi)(shi)一(yi)定要(yao)(yao)緩慢，分(fen)(fen)段加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)是(shi)有(you)(you)必(bi)(bi)(bi)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，奧化(hua)(hua)(hua)保(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)要(yao)(yao)充沛(pei)，通常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)臺車爐(lu)干為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主。 二(er)、低(di)(di)碳(tan)低(di)(di)合(he)金(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)直(zhi)接(jie)淬鹽水(shui)，中碳(tan)合(he)金(jin)構(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)油雙(shuang)液淬對(dui)比保(bao)(bao)(bao)險，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)水(shui)逗留的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)刻以(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)厚(hou)度(du)核算，通常(chang)技(ji)能(neng)(neng)資(zi)(zi)料(liao)書里都(dou)(dou)有(you)(you)。 三、新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)劑冷(leng)(leng)卻介(jie)質(zhi)合(he)適形(xing)狀簡略、資(zi)(zi)料(liao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)商(shang)品單(dan)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，個人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定見是(shi)有(you)(you)條件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，條件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)具(ju)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仍是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)妙。 四、必(bi)(bi)(bi)須了件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初始狀況，檢(jian)測其(qi)(qi)(qi)顯(xian)微(wei)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)排(pai)是(shi)必(bi)(bi)(bi)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，特(te)別魏氏安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)排(pai)嚴(yan)(yan)峻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)必(bi)(bi)(bi)要(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)正(zheng)確(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)能(neng)(neng)消(xiao)除(chu)。